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Eclectic medicine was a branch of American medicine which made use of botanical remedies along with other substances and physical therapy practices, popular in the latter half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries. The term was coined by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1784–1841), a botanist and Transylvania University professor who had studied Native American use of medicinal plants, wrote and lectured extensively on herbal medicine, and advised patients and sold remedies by mail. Rafinesque used the word ''eclectic'' to refer to those physicians who employed whatever was found to be beneficial to their patients (eclectic being derived from the Greek word ''eklego'', meaning "to choose from"). ==History== Eclectic medicine appeared as an extension of early American herbal medicine traditions such as "Thomsonian medicine" in the early 19th century, and included Native American medicine. Standard medical practices at the time made extensive use of purges with calomel and other mercury-based remedies, as well as extensive bloodletting. Eclectic medicine was a direct reaction to those barbaric practices as well as a desire to restrict Thomsonian medicine innovations to medical "professionals." Alexander Holmes Baldridge (1795–1874) suggested that because of its American roots the tradition of Eclectic Medicine should be called the American School of Medicine. It bears resemblance to Physiomedicalism, which is practiced in the United Kingdom. In 1827, a medical tradesman named Wooster Beach, who broke with Thomson as he believed the field needed to become more professional, founded the United States Infirmary in New York, followed in 1829 by the Reformed Medical College in 1829. Both of these would practice and teach "Eclectic Medicine".〔(''The History of Western Herbal Medicine'' ), Chanchal Cabrera, 2006.〕 The Eclectic Medical Institute in Worthington, Ohio graduated its first class in 1833. After the notorious "Resurrection Riot" in 1839, the school was evicted from Worthington and settled in Cincinnati during the winter of 1842–43. The Cincinnati school, incorporated as the Eclectic Medical Institute (EMI), continued until the last class graduation in 1939 more than a century later. Over the decades, other Ohio medical schools had been merged into that institution. The American School of Medicine (Eclectic) in Cincinnati operated from 1839 to 1857, when it merged with the Eclectic Medical Institute.〔(''Former Cincinnati Medical Schools and Colleges'' ), Archives and Rare Books, University Libraries, University of Cincinnati〕 〔(John S. Haller, ''A Profile in Alternative Medicine: The Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, 1835–1942'' ), Kent State University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-585-26220-9〕 Eclectic medicine expanded during the 1840s as part of a large, populist anti-regular medical movement in North America. It used many principles of Samuel Thomson's family herbal medication but chose to train doctors in physiology and more conventional principles, along with botanical medicine. The American School of Medicine (Eclectic) trained physicians in a dozen or so privately funded medical schools, principally located in the midwestern United States.〔(Michael Moore, "Introduction to Felter's Materia Medica" )〕 By the 1850s, several "regular" American medical tradespersons especially from the New York Academy of Medicine, had begun using herbal salves and other preparations. The movement peaked in the 1880s and 1890s. The schools were not approved by the Flexner Report (1910), which called for medical schools to use evidence-based practices.〔''Flexner Report'', 1910.〕 In 1934 J. C. Hubbard, M.D., the president of the Eclectic Medical Association said: The last Eclectic Medical school closed in Cincinnati in 1939. The Lloyd Library and Museum still maintains the greatest collection of books, papers and publications of the Eclectic physicians, including libraries from the Eclectic medical schools.〔(Lloyd Library and Museum home )〕 The contemporary herbalist Michael Moore recounts: Major Eclectic practitioners include John Uri Lloyd, John Milton Scudder, Harvey Wickes Felter, John King, Andrew Jackson Howe, Finley Ellingwood, Frederick J. Locke, and William N. Mundy.〔( Felter's 1912 biography of Scudder, Howe and King )〕〔(List of publications by Eclectic physicians ), scanned by David Winston〕 Harvey Wickes Felter's ''Eclectic Materia Medica'' is one of several important Eclectic medical publications dating from the 1920s. It represented the last attempt to stem the tide of "standard practice medicine". This was the antithesis of the model of the rural primary care vitalist physician who was the basis for Eclectic practice.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eclectic medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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